![]() It is said the reason why they used these metaphors is that common scenery that people share was necessary for a Jodo style garden (a garden of the style of the Jodo sect of Buddhism) and Shinsen (the thought of immortality), gardens that relate thoughts from ancient times because these gardens need to communicate what they expressed as models, with a large number of the general public. ![]() Arata ISOZAKI said the reason a Japanese garden is described as a metaphor of the sea, is that people included and arranged objects that generate the metaphor as an "analogy." The description of Sakutei-ki (the oldest book concerning gardens in Japan) also introduced the idea that a pond a spring, and the ishigumi, etc., that expresses a landscape were techniques that made a garden a metaphor of nature, such as the sea, and a landscape gardening technique that reduces the scale of natural scenery. When reading the books related transition of the forms of Japanese gardens, it is understood that change of a style of building and influences of religion and thoughts came from the Asian Continent changed the form of Japanese Garden. Japanese Garden Represents Japanese Nature Scenery ![]() During and after the Edo era, a technique called shakkei (making use of the surrounding landscape in the design of a garden) that uses not only the objects in the garden, but also objects outside the garden has also been used widely. ![]() During and after the Muromachi period, the idea of karesansui was being connected to the thoughts of Zen Buddhism and many karesansui were constructed in Zen temples, etc. This is the reason they call some gardens sansui (hills and rivers). The idea that white sand symbolize water flow is a characteristic of this type of dry garden, and behind the concept is an idea that water is indispensable in a garden. Unique Garden Design of Karesansui (Dry Landscape)Ī form of garden called Karesansui (dry landscape) which uses no water, but imitates water flow with stones, sand, and plants ere also designed. Among Japanese Garden, sometimes a garden lantern, a small arbor and a tea-ceremony room are included. Techniques are used to express water flowing down a mountain turning into a huge stream by imitating a water fall, and ishigumi (stone combinations) such as arranging stones and putting together rocks symbolizing religious significance like Horai-san mountain (a mountain island in China where a benevolent wizard who had a drug for achieving eternal youth was believed to reside) and Horai-to island (same as the Horai-san mountain, see above), tsuru-shima island (the island of the crane, which is a place to pray for a long life) and kame-shima island (the island of the tortoise, also a place to pray for a long life) are commonly used. Construction of Japanese Garden generally utilizes undulations of the ground or building a miniature mountain, locating a pond at the center of it, and arranging garden stones and plants so that viewers can appreciate the scenery in all seasons. Japanese Garden are often found in temples and gardens/remains of gardens of Daimyo (feudal lords), residences/remains of residences of statesmen and industrialists, and also on the premises of public facilities and hotels. It is also called a Japanese style garden. “Nihon teien” is a traditional Japanese landscape garden. Displaying Four Distinctive Seasons with Water Scenery
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